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What is ESC or ESP?
 Electronic Stability Control (ESC) is a computerized system designed to improve a vehicle's handling by detecting and preventing skids, helping the driver maintain control of the vehicle.

Note: (ESP always needs ABS system, where the ABS plays as an Actuator while the ESC playing as the controller) . Read about ABS
 ESC simplifies steering for the driver. ESC uses the vehicle's braking system as a tool for "steering" the vehicle back on track. Braking is automatically applied to individual wheels, such as the inner rear wheel to counter under steer, or the outer front wheel to counter over steer. Some ESC systems also intervene by reducing engine power or accelerating the driven wheels.

ESC components

One step beyond ABS is modern ESC systems. Here, two more sensors are added to help the system work. These are a steering wheel angle sensor, and a gyroscopic sensor.

The theory of operation is simple: when the gyroscopic sensor detects that the direction taken by the car doesn't agree with what the steering wheel sensor says, the ESC software will brake the necessary wheel(s) (up to three with the most sophisticated systems) so that the car goes the way the driver intends.

The wheel sensor also helps in the operation, since this will tell the ABS that wheels on the outside of the curve should brake more than wheels on the inside, and by how much.

 How does it work?
ESC compares the driver's intended direction (by measuring steering angle) to the vehicle's actual direction (by measuring lateral acceleration, vehicle rotation (yaw) and individual wheel speeds). If the vehicle is not going where the driver is steering, ESC then brakes individual front or rear wheels and/or reduces excess engine power (not all systems can reduce engine power) as needed to help correct under-steer (plowing) or over-steer (fishtailing).

Effect of ESC by using ABS system

ESC incorporates yaw angle control into anti-lock brakes. Yaw is rotation around the vertical axis; i.e. spinning left or right. Anti-lock brakes enable ESC to brake individual wheels.

ESC may also incorporate traction control, which senses drive-wheel slip under acceleration and individually brakes the slipping wheel or wheels and/or reduces excess engine power until control is regained.
ESC cannot override a car's physical limits or increase traction. If a driver pushes the vehicle's traction beyond its limits, ESC cannot prevent a crash. It is a tool to help the driver maintain control using available traction.


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